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( Q1 i7 q' {/ ]9 I4 hTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网/ s) g% b, {2 H' H; F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。. _2 f. K6 g- w! S8 u
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& G' s" P1 {4 R# K, qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：4 D' `5 h D2 ^- u/ e) a% Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( q1 \2 M3 {4 @& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">5' |6 ~; F6 N0 b: p7 C0 w. b2 F' U
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$ r1 a) H1 Q3 B4 w$ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：/ n+ ^5 V- l, }5 omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：- c- ^( z/ c+ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 u ?3 m8 @3 P6 gmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 ?8 W# u! ^+ Q$ w8 w! b- Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。: e6 ?; j& K! @, Q6 ]& j
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：; S; i& d7 h- g' T% i: o9 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">“& d5 M8 Z' _9 F5 E* `5 ~' Vmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
3 W% X* y; s0 W3 |, Emso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。5 X7 x' p+ ~9 p0 k9 `! i, a% f
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：& z1 J. l) T4 O1 N, K- m: Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 ^2 Q, b, c1 Kmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
$ i; k3 P6 c! T$ V- y+ A% T- q: H- Amso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？4 w) d$ i" R; |. K4 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”% x' M+ V' [+ Tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 E* p6 s8 Z- j3 I5 u7 b! ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。9 R1 \2 e* E& k; m* o4 |/ }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。) D( \! p1 U8 w d Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：% P0 o- e4 {/ R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。3 [: D& j; y" }: o10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 M0 m- ]: [; h6 f+ b
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：/ x# i( F- Q. h, x* |- z9 D0pt">"6 U" R6 }! ^+ G R- R( s8 gmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
/ R8 W) L" d' _6 x) }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。 ^& O9 @. r3 [$ i$ A; c( c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：8 z. s& r8 U: V7 h9 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢, w/ T8 l+ k9 h( O" n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：( H: U. {6 a1 x8 d2 h& I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。9 X: `( ?' h) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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3 B& v0 y/ j+ R6 L* _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是" v2 i2 Y: w3 n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- l# ^2 H) E) w+ K" a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违3 n5 S! V# d% F) g
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得5 y G8 ~( r. F$ b* J0 b
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲' k6 W: E% [# o" K+ G) n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，3 ]5 j+ Q1 j- Y! Z! v: a. tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. `0 M+ t8 d4 R" E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。+ t8 I9 V# w U J. c) {4 emso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 m# B7 l1 E% D+ C/ O$ cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 H9 i* V- S, N: D' q2 j
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。7 o. S7 `- A5 ]* a& x8 T \8 V
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5 L! B' o3 _. \# W% R3 L, h5 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？& d( l, @6 ^) g! x. ^6 v* p# q! ]' L10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 J* f* J: H" @. `mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。4 J0 c" _' V- r: l+ w2 R5 F/ }( y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：# ?6 _" P& @# G5 ?% L0 f" Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& d: l" i" x* Z* ^/ JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义# F1 c$ U" t& a# d; c
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& a# s/ B) L0 x; K* n# ]6 CTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！3 G2 _+ J$ s* h3 o) k8 D8 c" @mso-font-kerning:0pt">——: a" O0 c; ]& n* r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。/ _/ z8 X9 c2 o; j# B4 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述# e1 g6 y- q" h# [+ R, Q- \
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9 m- H" i& ?. l, o6 |mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊) J, J( p. g9 ^& l3 S2 Q4 @
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% d( h' p% k: }: T- A3 B# XTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乃群：) M4 k0 a8 R2 h
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。0 H: M9 r( N/ U9 S+ R( y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。, u. C$ |$ X) Q
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( e) C& ` U% U; }& smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. J% K: k$ Q: ]& g. t: Y
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: g2 l8 {/ ^4 h/ U$ w2 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：3 i$ [3 \4 N" s [! T. bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 U. `" j, h! }. R: W4 L/ [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。4 R/ d8 x. K, e) H! k: f3 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: T, v- S# g9 [
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# d6 K7 [9 z/ r; B+ {1 c0 E: Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个# h# [8 J j& }4 O) dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 v6 o/ O9 l6 _
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( Z% [1 X) O% y: `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬1 Z3 Z/ u* i7 w4 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! E! Y8 l9 I- o5 _% y9 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 V1 _6 s: M# I: \( Y0 s4 g
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为8 u" @7 e. g, m" G' |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“- h' I" D. [4 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- Y6 R3 Y7 s2 }/ [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道8 t% [$ m L. y1 l$ s; I: \+ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 i0 F( m: h2 ^0 a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。2 a& G9 Q" M" u. Q( O
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9 a4 Y; H6 p; BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的& z# ?( j4 @1 b: ]2 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 D8 d+ K( `/ l* B6 r: e7 t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思( ^# x! C& k! B; G/ `5 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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