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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 O- f$ ]: c1 Q5 j1 q3 Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ/ ^4 a; H* \/ ~0 A0 i
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' p: i+ o( E' g2 j7 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。4 A, w; B% s; R( R# gmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：7 J2 |7 p" `2 ?% V# M; M9 s9 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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1 R" J7 D7 m% V. Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第5 S. `/ f$ N8 ]1 ^; Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">59 k& f# B8 r' L1 m/ bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, d. p8 H# e# a. D- j/ k; w; z8 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：+ m8 P. J8 X6 C; K
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% P, u1 E- Z- \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：1 W! }/ H& U6 R
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" f; K1 v8 p2 }! [. M2 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, {6 j @' i9 G1 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 h W: s; |/ ]: e9 J8 o Y t, fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;" X- g- G9 ?* K* }
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：- q& `. e) j# y. J0 @- D: }+ g ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. h! l% l8 G r4 K$ ~$ wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;! ?! e8 [2 |8 q- g. k0 ~; _
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。, b/ K5 y& h& Q0 N5 _* Y" h
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：' L- ~1 V2 H3 c+ r4 s( l3 R9 i. emso-font-kerning:0pt">“: k9 N) j2 n: |
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, g! h& W' u" V* Y3 o/ d0 Q( dmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？' T r6 ~4 m! e. Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' T. s) p) Z# N1 A6 S+ U5 v4 \; wmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;( x1 Z# w% v3 {: U9 D0 J
mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：$ D. o l+ H1 Z O3 U5 q; umso-font-kerning:0pt">“- r& _1 Y" d( W2 t# d/ Z0 ]mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;, R8 ]& h4 k$ c
mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 ?9 n; \+ K" K0 S# W+ Z' K" f4 @color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。/ X7 ^) k3 W: `4 E" _( Q
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! {: J3 C& C6 ?: J4 Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：% O, U7 m# W6 @+ _! ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 A- s; W. U/ m! `* }; K4 Cmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 u+ K: v& A4 b" Y' t, smso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。) k, N: t6 W, i: n
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% I# X) Z3 }9 g: E3 s7 }1 Z c4 h' umso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：' ^$ P7 S1 [! e8 R; e7 Z0pt">"% f8 i; M2 y5 [ P. V0 c
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( @- B; {6 p' M, [. B# ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。, Y' D: z% E$ B) o3 _
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3 {" z. g1 V# `9 j6 hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说： C7 w% V1 R$ O; [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 W+ S8 }1 W" |3 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% R+ O0 A! s. J- E
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- h0 E3 p/ D& b
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! Q2 u9 t [0 d! n& x bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：; v! f& a7 D$ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。# E& J$ h- Q6 `" m, T! k! F1 i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是6 F% X4 a9 n* e/ m- p- j7 o8 o" `. o
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# U! u2 l% M: ]* [mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得( _: j! l w2 h7 T" r5 I- X% @mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" [" y; |: ^' x) u% l& Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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/ Q, i6 M/ m( F& T( \/ Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 r6 ?# j2 ^% I8 T6 M1 j* i
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& G+ T' D& [0 b6 h1 b7 b$ S: jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，2 o* t, l/ }* J# O7 w# Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 c( B9 ]" \/ U. A: u" Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; C9 X" r/ x& n) ?1 |8 a1 Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。! E' }' g/ j# g* y4 Y1 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 o( ]6 ]( C% r, V' b! P3 [; tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; o" K1 ^6 r% H+ ^ P9 G$ i; j& H
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。5 |$ S9 \' f& w; Z) `5 Q: ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' p% \" m7 x4 [- f: l0 h+ N4 A. ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？9 L S' y2 y) d' t& L/ `! C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' u- v$ \# C5 u' m- d% ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义! ~" D, s" f3 _: |% \1 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 K# i- n3 t. iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！; L3 |2 f+ t- Y) f. u, z) jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——, Z2 m. S$ I% |2 t! K V6 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。) V8 R1 b4 ~& o1 G; S. e& _mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊3 ^5 F- ]- a) J S g/ Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 [/ `, [6 [2 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。" c1 j) e: v* v/ j7 C! p' z4 M
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孝经
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% _. @' ^4 I- q) {: tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。/ o' e, J1 w7 m- b6 smso-font-kerning:0pt">——! q0 f$ A) G" P) V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。* Z l* B# O7 V; s
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$ ?6 u' n7 } dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：0 g1 h+ @- R/ O" ^8 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。" }) G" r( V; i# ?! U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个# ^' C% y, c. `9 m& W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. o3 {+ I% }# A, B2 S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为/ m2 @$ |% H, |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. w6 A! F \6 }# w+ M; l7 j3 _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道5 ]) [* U. i/ G( j* L q/ Z% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 _( f v u4 p h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 U" n+ p8 K7 y! |. w
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! Q7 g/ I+ x# i- C+ f. ZTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的- ~4 |! l( W, S! U$ h( R/ emso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 V2 }% x6 T: k! _$ E0 q
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9 q6 g, E( ?& E+ Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思, D: T4 z0 P* v( ~) Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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