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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; N2 M2 e+ k H7 b B
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5 A6 t% D! M( D5 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 Q. } S/ @+ ?
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( t |7 g, Y: T* T' R) f4 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。. @5 E0 V; p0 ~0 s D) Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。0 H: L, e! w! r3 t1 ^5 Y' E* V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经5 a4 r, H+ N, @) s* o$ X0 Q9 N+ i+ {
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! ~! L) @8 t& j1 ^! M0 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。5 s5 E2 c) M+ {" B3 k+ ^# A- b$ J5 I9 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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j ^- Z" u* K# b fmso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是# Q. v9 ~9 l0 G u
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6 L+ R$ h3 e7 l3 D+ K+ eTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？2 U- [! b0 F; O( s: o$ B# p
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，9 x2 Y$ Q r+ R$ Z! [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"9 R8 ?' Q) Z S
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* S! W2 w7 O _& C) x& n) a. h: fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。6 X; `, g- B4 W
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6 ^9 S% t2 \0 ^; B! Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种4 ]5 }# B# Z; K7 z- }/ n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的# G- x9 b# t4 r0 r/ s
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* \$ r$ z- w/ f2 V% g3 I3 | Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，# f8 B1 K! N5 D& I8 M. k5 _8 v9 `# e
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9 E) U1 ~5 ]1 }" _' Q7 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。. F& d& J# o" y; n0 G8 g: v3 B
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$ O) g; I% d; f- A' S DTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌, ?1 {+ ~' K* t. g Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">305! E! ?) v5 F. j# @! ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 b% h2 e/ N( g0 ~0 U/ ` vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视$ d6 m% Q! N' T F- Q& q
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0 k' v! v& O, z0 \+ K5 C W. Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗5 A6 N, s- d$ V# L! J% {# z/ u/ \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 k7 A$ J( f( N$ T. ~3 Y% ^' ] qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! F: l5 d t1 N+ v6 \# k0 H+ S( S% X) o$ r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：: q4 b d* @% B: C+ u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。- t( V! V+ }) Z! \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; j4 o' _9 b7 r
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2 c) L, z- z/ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 \: q# Q$ h% ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">•& v; ^3 A9 F8 S/ e7 }! ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 J, s" D; Q% Q1 E$ i( }
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# m2 h% g- x, V9 q( N. T- }9 G/ t5 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。: U6 M6 x/ Y5 f& O% Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ n2 q5 G# G3 c+ R. u
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+ K+ {* [" {2 M, {, rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 k2 S+ s& r! {4 K& ^4 e
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2 ^4 y; g: d1 m# Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过9 ~ k) L% t J% T2 K/ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">“) ?% Y% ^+ f% |+ d& e; efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 g# _) A' Z9 L5 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨5 z2 V1 |: @9 X1 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人 j+ p; J( ^$ \, Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 [) g6 ~; V+ U/ Z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。# m( l# l7 T- Y. i% O2 v4 J
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0 O% q# ?: l4 B, U5 L7 e2 G% VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。' f2 _: `/ R* b7 w* w2 N6 s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。- [/ Y! t: E* H& o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。+ t4 O3 g/ v5 A, c2 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——7 _2 M+ y8 p& ~/ c! b- C! Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, @0 C/ O. b& b6 S
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃* m9 p8 o0 i; z7 z. u$ mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; C; ~/ M+ {! S% lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: e& w# c: G5 C2 k
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批7 i% {) @% Q9 o' p) F
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”' j6 Z* g% b5 l7 ^4 n; pmso-font-kerning:0pt">——1 s. X8 {5 y) Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" Y: E- I5 i* Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。4 j' E/ x$ Q) b8 s$ t9 ?9 t1 n) r
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3 m Y, P# v! q+ B. X% B2 fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。/ a. M& f, Q; c8 u6 l5 M# Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”1 M4 |, q4 X; o7 I3 B. o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于5 W9 w& T. W3 t, n$ x9 t7 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' Z7 e* h- B9 J; U
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- g$ R8 W4 [9 g0 ?# a U7 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨) F6 O! l6 T9 W; Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ O6 W2 l9 J* N9 K. E! y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
( P) \1 l d" V; F/ Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓( x0 |3 { k7 K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓# }# n7 M, \- q) v- u' Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 k4 w2 b2 ^4 D9 O4 T# w( d- i
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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1 ~( Q6 u- O, lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓5 G. u; I) X9 a- g. j* _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 q- k9 y7 V$ Q' m$ [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;( }7 k/ }. H; U3 _. `+ _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓5 d1 I- ?. U5 K* H. w) |4 |9 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" K9 l* d8 z$ t/ A& ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ V# d2 s, ?; @' y+ c N
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨8 y" r& S. Y: U( K R
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 H7 q% x- F4 w- rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼& E1 Y6 e0 W* pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ V% Z+ u$ P$ R1 k5 \- n, `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐而不淫、哀而不伤8 s! E8 o0 g# N- ?3 ?3 ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 b0 U6 }& m% bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ q' C0 Y& ?& ~3 Z4 }6 g# ~$ d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语2 R' L6 o) E/ U! R* ^% amso-font-kerning:0pt">. C: J' j2 j* y/ A/ }3 f, l
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/ _! l4 r; _ ~' V% _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能# l% q' H. f+ ]/ T7 n: r
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, z3 c6 i3 s \9 D+ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒% } a/ y& s# L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹* @! u- Q/ o" c
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- k+ M0 k7 m+ p. o/ Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人4 Y/ Z/ s7 \6 `. O' X7 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: q/ O n; x' @: ~0 J" A
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪" ^; R: M- o) D$ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”9 e- ?4 @% h5 {7 |; I9 I7 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语6 u8 j S: V4 W N6 R; d5 d
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; I0 ]1 a! P+ r) ~7 ~, zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。$ u9 i& H( H7 a2 l5 ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。0 R4 H" m. x( Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">" }% r2 S1 B5 ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ y0 J3 y* J- D9 G5 T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用, L* y' M1 o4 K9 Y
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无心随风：: D/ b* N% I% b5 ]4 Y* r3 `: N0pt"> ( {) j! l8 M/ o4 y: [2 u" ]
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" n# H! B+ z/ tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理# B2 d9 c R- O4 h! H3 J0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。9 ]0 G' m8 [4 S4 }# h) F* ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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( w7 @- R8 a, q1 F% wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱. `1 x. p3 n t% [% ]- q& h @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧2 P7 D3 `; q0 z+ {3 N0 m! j; Y7 E
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300x180 AD
