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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： - B! s q8 U/ W) e" j
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0 Q" }: a4 ^' t4 e, ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, k! I" t, J, ?: u/ T5 u% Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">1$ T$ k# X, G5 @0 H. w" \$ g3 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：- a0 F& T& n# z; I0 N
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。) ? h$ z4 g& M# O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! f7 S% Z) n6 [0 n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：7 V1 Y, {: J i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。3 i4 u) Z# L q! J6 Y1 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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5 d% q: n+ P" [, Z) Z( |1 j/ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？7 ^5 }5 F2 N) A" d# [color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。8 P# @9 T( E: k: s
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服 u; h. G4 ]& L5 `5 Z
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$ P# B" G5 n& U& ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢' H( T0 d5 M3 X. k" b( s6 \: ymso-font-kerning:0pt"> # j7 z M9 G5 C% t2 s) m9 Y) Y
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* E0 b7 r4 i2 t2 n8 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。1 I- R- B2 X1 \4 u/ M! B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新6 V% y8 x; }# d) [
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* _# t E& B; H0 Y3 bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白! n; E0 s$ O" I5 o5 j8 T6 I! S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学7 V3 a- [ ? K) N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么4 `( _5 c0 G5 G) `7 [3 J0 R
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) _2 z: Y: Y, N5 L1 v0 Y |5 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？; ^, }/ P' u) b/ |2 J# A; amso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ u# E0 x+ ]+ d8 p; A2 J
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3 B6 j# H8 c. T& Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。+ \: e3 \1 ]2 E) i+ l {2 `) b0pt"> 5 f v! @* g: d' M+ {: nTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;0 q" }: H7 a4 z
mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”6 z- Z+ `/ w5 y5 O& ?6 D
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$ I. X3 F, t1 d5 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说: d1 W1 G+ p; G8 h- |* C' g
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+ m0 B* h, ]! s# oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服0 Y! _$ w) P, y4 K2 H5 _# m
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3 h5 [# N: R& a3 |2 j+ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊/ U8 M' ]& ^+ p$ f
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* _3 [/ Q6 l6 u2 U4 o, z5 a$ qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚6 ?$ s. p! @& s5 H1 G; V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！ O. `5 g* s. L* G* L5 R; T
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假 B* e- \& U* X( k+ F( z9 dmso-font-kerning:0pt"> " h, j: s, z# x2 B. w/ \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是5 U3 t3 C4 _; P8 ~4 v4 _% Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% E$ Q- H+ r0 U, v
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( [3 U3 C$ p5 K. M. {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 k2 s2 R& a: ^( m5 c7 g8 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 H! P2 v/ H! n8 E5 m. t. [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴% \! C( c* d/ X. {, Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. E% V' O2 m; |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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