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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 6 |2 a. ]' y1 D- B! _mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 d7 [) [& C0 g9 O6 amso-font-kerning:0pt">1- {1 D3 G8 `( I% K% kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：) [0 n& A1 _! f# [; E, r: P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。' ]% T3 m. I$ Gcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。% k& F% N# f! ~( F2 L$ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ B6 y4 g( |5 f( b" w+ i8 i+ Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。0 Y$ x0 w* D' ^ j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。) }; s3 h& ]" C* ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# [ I* v( k& {# I% o* i6 JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学 P8 q9 O! \1 s# c* E7 lmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 Q. e$ N5 m- b; _- d/ T- H ^7 S# ~
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# u4 e* Q: d2 O- h& y) Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？/ }$ r' m, n( Y) N* d/ g# o1 umso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 {$ s0 m) v5 i
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9 c* E) ]( n" r" W* Z, ETahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚 r; z. ^. A4 W6 `mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！$ e% P; _7 l# |3 Q7 y3 I# j4 X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假7 j5 Q) _$ O) A: l: L, E& Omso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ o9 Z, v9 z/ @ a& T5 S
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1 H$ L, y. m6 P/ XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是3 I$ y; R- j! X7 @! i4 h+ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 B& ?! y1 J( s$ A/ a0 E# Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;8 z+ n& m& F7 r- R- C
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题" ^! w! r& Y9 H# t- e+ K+ J ?" Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, Z* i2 |, A7 A8 s) K- f2 c; Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;& A( B t2 ]& c. {
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。& C2 p8 b/ u7 U' g5 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴6 [. p" \/ M: ?6 Z7 q. c; B9 @/ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. U1 M* R! w2 `7 a+ S! Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
! r0 F3 K( a# e" R* V: A% ^; nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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